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difference between prokaryotic cell and eucaryotic cells.

Types of cells

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On the basics of structure cell are two basic types.

Prokaryotic cell


The cell having nuclear material without nuclear membrane , are termed as prokaryotic cells,

 These are generally small are not very complex in structure.

 These are essential in folding of cell membrane.

 In prokaryotes, nuclear region (containing only nucleic acids), called nucleoid of the cell maybe poorly  defined  due to the absence of a proper nuclear membrane.

 Prokaryotic cells also lack most of the Other cytoplasmic organelles present in the Eukaryotic cells . i.e, prokaryotic cells are present in bacteria like E.coli, clostridium, blue green algae,etc.

Eukaryotic cell


 The cells, like onion cells and cheek cells, having well organised nucleus with a nuclear membrane, are termed as eucaryotic cells.

This cells are more Complex than prokaryotic cells.
Close in eukaryotes is separated from the cytoplasm by double layered membrane.
And it directs the life process of the cell i.e, eukaryotic cells present in Protista, fungi, land animals.
 All eucaryotic Cells are not identical such as  plant and animal cells are different in having an additional layer, called cell wall ,around the  cell membrane.

Difference between prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell.


Prokaryotic cell


1. Generally smaller in size
2. It is not well defined
3. DNA is circular and lies free in cytoplasm (no true nucleus)
4.  Lack organelles like endoplasmic reticulum , mitochondria, centrosome,etc.

5. Sap vacuoles are lacking. Gas vacuole maybe present.

6. Ribosome 70s( 3oS+50S).

7. Endocytosis and exocytosis do not occur in prokaryotes.

8. Cell cycle is short, of nearly about 20 to 60 minutes.

9. There is no nucleolus.

Eukaryotic cell


1. Generally larger in size.

2. It is well defined and surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

3. DNA is linear and content in A nucleus

4. Content organised like endoplasmic reticulum ,mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes ,centrosomes,etc.

5. sap vacuole are commonly present .

6. They are 80S(40S+60S).

7. Endocytosis and exocytosis occur in many protist and in animal cells.

8. Cell cycle is long up about 12 to 24 hour.

9. One or  more nucleoli to occur within the nucleolus.

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